dictionary handy of physiotherapy

A
• abductor digiti minimi (foot) Abductor del quinto dedo (pie)

Origin: Medial and lateral processes of posterior calcaneal tuberosity. Insertion:Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe and 5th metatarsal. Action:Flexes and abducts 5th toe. Supports lateral longitudinal arch. Nerve: Lateral plantar (S2,3)

• abductor digiti minimi (hand) Abductor del quinto dedo (mano)

Origin: Pisiform bone, pisohamate ligament and flexor retinaculum. Action: Abducts little finger at MCP joint. Insertion: Ulnar side of base of prox phalanx of little finger and extensor expansion. Nerve: Deep br of ulnar N (C8, T1).

• abductor hallucis Abductor del primer dedo (pie)

Origin: Medial process of posterior calcaneal tuberosity & flexor retinaculum.Insertion: Medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx of big toe via medial sesamoid. Action: Flexes and abducts big toe. Supports medial longitudinal arch. Nerve: Medial plantar nerve (S1,2).

• abductor pollicis brevis Abductor corto del primer dedo (mano)

Origin: Tubercle of scaphoid & flexor retinaculum. Insertion: Radial sesamoid of proximal halanx of thumb & tendon of extensor pollicis longus. Action: Abducts thumb at metacarpophalangeal & carpometacarpal joints. Nerve: Recurrent (muscular) branch of median nerve(C8, T1) occasionally by ulnar nerve.

• abductor pollicis longus Abductor largo del pulgar

Origin: Upper posterior surface of ulna and middle third of posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane between. Insertion: Over tendons of radial extensors and rachioradialis to base of 1st metacarpal and trapezium. Action: Abducts and extends thumb at arpometacarpal joint. Nerve: Posterior interosseous nerve (C6, 7).

• adductor brevis Adductor corto

Origin: Inferior ramus and body of pubis. Insertion: Upper third of linea aspera. Action: Adducts hip. Nerve: Anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, 3).

• adductor hallucis Adductor del pimer dedo (pie)

Origin: Oblique head: base of 2, 3, 4 metatarsals. Transverse head: plantar metatarsal ligaments and deep transverse ligament. Insertion: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe and lateral sesamoid. Action: Adducts and flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe. Supports transverse arch. Nerve: Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, 3).

• adductor longus Adductor Largo

Origin: Body of pubis inferior and medial to pubic tubercle. Insertion: Lower two thirds of medial linea aspera. Action: Adducts and medially rotates hip. Nerve: Anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, 3).

• adductor magnus Adductor Mayor

Origin: Adductor portion: ischiopubic ramus. Hamstring portion: lower outer quadrant of post surface of ischial tuberosity. Action: Adductor portion: adducts and med rotates hip. Hamstring portion: extends hip. Insertion: Adductor portion: lower gluteal line and linea aspera. Hamstring portion: adductor tubercle. Nerve: Adductor portion: post div of obturator N (L2-4). Hamstring portion: tibial portion of sciatic (L4-S3).

• adductor pollicis Adductor del Pulgar

Origin: Oblique head: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, trapezoid and capitate. Transverse head: palmar border and shaft of 3rd metacarpal. Insertion: Ulnar sesamoid then ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx and tendon of extensor pollicis longus. Action: Adducts carpometacarpal joint of thumb. Nerve: Deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1).

• anconeus Ancóneo

Origin: Smooth surface at lower extremity of post aspect of lat epicondyle of humerus. Action: Weak extensor of elbow. Moves (abducts) ulna in pronation. Insertion: Lat side of olecranon. Nerve: Radial N (C7, 8).

• articularis cubiti Músculo Tensor de la sinovial del codo

Origin: Deep distal surface of medial head of triceps. Insertion: Posterior capsule of elbow joint. Action: Lifts capsule away from joint. Nerve: Radial (C6, 7 , 8).

• articularis genus Músculo Tensor de la sinovial de la rodilla

Origin: Two slips from anterior femur below vastus intermedialius. Insertion: Apex of suprapatellar bursa. Action: Retracts bursa as knee extends. Nerve: Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4).

• aryepiglotticus Ariteneopiglótico

Origin: Apex of arytenoid cartilage. Insertion: Lateral border of epiglottis. Action: Aids closure of additus of larynx. Nerve: Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X).

• auricularis Auricular

Origin: Cartilage of auricle. Insertion: Galeal aponeurosis. Action: Adjusts position of ear. Nerve: Temporal branch of facial nerve (VII).

• alaeque nasi Elevador del labio superior y el ala de la nariz (levator labbi superioris)

Origin: Upper frontal process of maxilla. Inserion: Skin of lateral nostril and upper lip. Action: Dilates nostril and elevates upper lip. Nerve: Buccal branch of facial nerve (VII).

B
• biceps brachii Biceps Braquial

ORIGIN: Long head:supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Short head: coracoid process of scapula with coracobrachialis. INSERTION: posterior border of bicipital tuberosity of radius (over bursa) and bicipital aponeurosis to deep fascia and subcutaneous ulna. ACTION: Supinates forearm, flexes elbow, weakly flexes shoulder. NERVE: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, 6) (from lateral cord).

• biceps femoris Biceps femoral

ORIGIN: Long head: upper inner quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity. Short head:middle third of linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge of femur. INSERTION: Styloid process of head of fibula. lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle. ACTION: Flexes and laterally rotates knee. Long head extends hip. NERVE: Long head: tibial portion of sciatic nerve. Short head: common peroneal portion of sciatic nerve (both L5, S1).

• brachialis Braquial anterior

ORIGIN: Anterior lower half of humerus and medial and lateral intermuscular septa. INSERTION: Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna. ACTION: Flexes elbow. NERVE: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, 6) ( from lateral cord). Also small supply from radial nerve (C7).

• brachioradialis Supinador Largo

ORIGIN: Upper two thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and lateral intermuscular septum. INSERTION: Base of styloid process of radius. ACTION: Flexes arm at elbow and brings forearm into midprone position. NERVE: Radial nerve (C5, 6).

• buccinator Buccinador

ORIGIN: External alveolar margins of maxilla and mandible by molar teeth, to maxillary tubercle and pterygoid hamulus and posterior mylohyoid line respectively, then via pterygomandibular raphe between bones. INSERTION: Decussates at modiolus of mouth and interdigitates with opposite side. ACTION: Aids mastication, tenses cheeks in blowing and whistling, aids closure of mouth. NERVE: Buccal branch of facial nerve (VII).

• bulbospongiosus Bulbocavernoso

ORIGIN: Perineal body (and midline raphe over corpus spongiosum in male). INSERTION: Superficial perineal membrane and dorsal penile/clitoral aponeurosis. ACTION: Male:aids emptying of urine and ejaculate from urethra. Female: closes vaginal introitus. NERVE: Perineal branch of pudendal nerve (S2, 3, 4).

C

• constrictor of pharynx -inferior Constrictor Inferior de la faringe

ORIGIN: Cricopharyngeus: lat aspect of arch of cricoid cartilage. Thyropharyngeus: oblique line of laminar of thyroid cartilage and fibrous cricothyroid arch. ACTION: Aids swallowing . Cricopharyngeus acts as upper oesophageal sphincter. INSERTION: Cricopharyngeus: continuous with muscle of opposite side, behind pharynx. Thyropharyngeus : lower pharyngeal raphe. NERVE: Pharyngeal plexus (IX, X and sympathetic) via pharyngeal br of X with its motor fibres from cranial accessory (XI).

• constrictor of pharynx -middle Constrictor Medio de la faringe

ORIGIN: Lower third of stylohyoid ligament, lesser cornu and superior border of greater cornu of hyoid bone. INSERTION: Middle portion of pharyngeal raphe. ACTION: Aids swallowing. NERVE: Pharyngeal plexus (IX, X and sympathetic) via pharyngeal branch of X with its motor fibers from cranial accessory nerve (XI).

• constrictor of pharynx -superior Constrictor Superior de la faringe

ORIGIN: Lower two thirds of med pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphe and post end of mylohyoid line on mandible. ACTION:Aids swallowing. INSERTION: Upper midline pharyngeal raphe and pharyngeal tubercle of clivus of occiput. NERVE: Pharyngeal plexus (IX, X and sympathetic) via pharyngeal br of X with its motor fibres from cranial accessory (XI).

• coracobrachialis Coracobraquial

ORIGIN: Coracoid process of scapula with biceps brachii. INSERTION: Upper half medial border of humerus. ACTION: Flexes and weakly adducts arm. NERVE: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, 6, 7) (from lateral cord).

• corrugator supercilii Superciliar

ORIGIN: Medial superciliary arch. INSERTION: Skin of medial forehead. ACTION: Wrinkles forehead. NERVE: Temporal branch of facial nerve (VII).

• cremaster Cremastérico

ORIGIN: Lower border of internal oblique and transversus abdominis in inguinal canal. INSERTION: Loops around spermatic cord and tunica vaginalis and some fibers return to attach to pubic tubercle. ACTION: Retracts testis. NERVE: Genital branch (L2) of genitofemoral nerve (L1, 2).

• cricothyroid cricotiroideo

ORIGIN: Anterolateral aspect of cricoid cartilage. INSERTION: Inferior cornu and lower laminar of thyroid cartilage. ACTION: Lengthens and tenses vocal cords by tilting thyroid cartilage forwards. NERVE: External branch of superiorlaryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X).

D

• deep transverse perinei Transverso profundo del periné

ORIGIN: Medial aspect of ischiopubic ramus and body of ischium. INSERTION: Midline raphe and perineal body. ACTION: Fixes perineal body and supports pelvic viscera. NERVE: Perineal branch of pudendal nerve (S2, 3, 4).

• deltoid Deltoides

ORIGIN: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle. INSERTION: Middle of lateral surface of humerus (deltoid tuberosity). ACTION: Abducts arm, anterior fibers flex and medial rotate, posterior fibers extend and lateral rotate. NERVE: Axillary nerve (C5, 6) (from posterior cord).

• depressor anguli oris Depresor del ángulo de la boca

ORIGIN: Outer surface of mandible posterior to oblique line. INSERTION: Modiolus at angle of mouth. ACTION: Depresses and draws angle of mouth laterally. NERVE: Mandibular branch of facial nerve (VII).

• depressor labii inferioris Cuadrado del mentón

ORIGIN: Outer surface of mandible along oblique line. INSERTION: Skin of lower lip. ACTION: Depresses and draws lower lip laterally. NERVE: Mandibular branch of facial nerve (VII).

• diaphragm Diafragma

ORIGIN: Vertebral:crura from bodies of L1, 2 (left), L1-3 (right). Costal: medial and lateral arcuate ligs, inner aspect of lower six ribs . Sternal: two slips from posterior aspect of xiphoid. INSERTION: Central tendon. ACTION: Inspiration and assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure. NERVE: Phrenic nerve (motor) (C3, 4, 5). Sensory: phrenic, intercostals (6-12) and upper two lumbar nerve roots.

• digastric Digastrico

ORIGIN: Anterior belly: digatric fossa on posterior surface of symphysis menti. posterior belly: base of medial aspect of mastoid process. INSERTION: Fibrous loop to lesser cornu of hyoid bone. ACTION: Elevates hyoid bone. Aids swallowing and depresses mandible. NERVE: Anterior belly: mylohyoid nerve (V). posterior belly: facial nerve (VII).

E

• erector spinae - spinalis Erector de la columna (espinal)
• erector spinae - iliocostalis Erector de la columna (iliocostal)
• erector spinae - longissimus Erector de la columna (longisimo)
• extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor radial corto del carpo
• extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor radial largo del carpo
• extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor cubital del carpo
• extensor digiti minimi (hand) Extensor corto del meñique (mano)
• extensor digitorum (hand) Extensor comun de los dedos
• extensor digitorum brevis (foot) Extensor comun corto de los dedos (pie)

extensor digitorum longus (foot) Extensor comun largo de los dedos (pie)

• extensor hallucis brevis Extensor corto del dedo gordo (pie)
• extensor hallucis longus Extensor largo del dedo gordo (pie)
• extensor indicis Extensor del dedo índice
• extensor pollicis brevis Extensor corto del pulgar
• extensor pollicis longus Extensor largo del pulgar
• external oblique abdominis Oblicuo del abdomen

F
• flexor carpi radialis Flexor radial del carpo
• flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor cubital del carpo
• flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot) Flexor corto del meñique (pie)
• flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand) Flexor corto del meñique (mano)
• flexor digitorum brevis Flexor corto de los dedos
• flexor digitorum longus (foot) Flexor largo de los dedos (pie)
• flexor digitorum profundus Flexor comun profundo de los dedos
• flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor comun superficial de los dedos
• flexor hallucis brevis Flexor corto del dedo gordo
• flexor hallucis longus Flexor largo del dedo gordo
• flexor pollicis brevis Flexor corto del pulgar
• flexor pollicis longus Flexor largo del pulgar
• frontalis Frontal

G
• gastrocnemius Gemelos
• gemellus inferior Gémino Inferior
• gemellus superior Gémino Superior
• genioglossus Geniogloso
• geniohyoid Genihioideo
• gluteus maximus Gluteo mayor
• gluteus medius Gluteo mediano
• gluteus minimus Gluteo menor
• gracilis Gracil

H

• hyoglossus Hipogloso

I
• iliacus Iliaco
• inferior oblique Oblicuo Inferior
• inferior rectus Recto Inferior
• infraspinatus Infraespinoso
• intercostals external Intercostal Externo
• intercostals innermost Intercostal Medio
• intercostals internal Intercostal Interno
• internal oblique abdominis Oblicuo Interno del Abdomen
• interossei - dorsal of hand Interóseos dorsales de la mano
• interossei -dorsal of foot Interóseos dorsales del pie
• interossei- palmar of hand Interóseos palmares de la mano
• interossei - plantar of foot Interóseos palmares del pie
• interspinales Itnerspinales
• intertransversarii Interespinales
• intrinsic muscles of tongue Músculo Intríonseco de la lengua
• ishiocavernosus Isquiocavernoso

L
• lateral cricoarytenoid Cricoaretinoideo Lateral
• lateral pterygoid Pterigoideo Lateral.
• lateral rectus Recto Lateral
• latissimus dorsi Dorsal
• levator anguli oris Elevador del ángulo de la boca
• levator ani Elevador del ano
• levator labii superioris Elevador del labio superior
• levator palpebrae superioris Elevador superior del párpado
• levator scapulae Elevador de la escápula
• levator veli palatini Elevador del velo del paladar
• levatores costarum Elevador de las costillas
• longus capitis Recto anterior menor de la cabeza
• longus colli Largo del cuello
• lumbricals of foot (4) Lumbricales del pie
• lumbricals of hand Lumbricales de la mano

M
• masseter Masetero
• medial pterygoid Pterigoideo Medial
• medial rectus Recto medial

N
• nasalis Nasal

O
• oblique arytenoid Interaritenoideo
• obliquus capitis inferior Oblicuo Mayor de la cabeza
• obliquus capitis superior Oblicuo Menor de la cabeza
• obturator externus Obturador externo
• obturator internus Obturador interno
• omohyoid Omohioideo
• opponens digiti minimi (hand) Oponente del dedo meñique
• opponens pollicis Oponente del pulgar
• orbicularis oculi Orbicular del ojo
• orbicularis oris Orbicular de los labios

P
• palatoglossus Palatogloso
• palatopharyngeus Palatofaríngeo
• palmaris brevis Palmar cutáneo

• palmaris longus Palmar mayor
• pectineus Pactíneo
• pectoralis major Pectoral mayor
• pectoralis minor Pectoral menor
• peroneus brevis Peroneo lateral corto
• peroneus longus Peroneo lateral largo
• peroneus tertius Peroneo anterior
• piriformis Piramidal de la pelvis
• plantaris Plantar delgado
• popliteus Poplíteo
• pronator quadratus Pronador cuadrado
• pronator teres Pronador redondo
• psoas Psoas

Q
• quadratus femoris Cuadrado femoral
• quadratus lumborum Cuadrado lumbar
• quadratus plantae Músculo flexor accesorio (cuadrado plantar)

R
• rectus abdominis Recto abdominal
• rectus capitus posterior major Recto posterior mayor de la cabeza
• rectus capitus posterior minor Recto posterior menor de la cabeza
• rectus femoris Recto femoral
• rhomboid major Romboides mayor
• rhomboid minor Romboides menor
• risorius Risorio

S
• salpingopharyngeus Salpingofaríngeo
• sartorius Sartorio
• scalenus anterior Escaleno anterior
• scalenus medius Escaleno medio
• scalenus posterior Escaleno posterior
• semimembranosus Semimembranoso
• semitendinosus Semitendinoso
• serratus anterior Serrato mayor
• serratus posterior inferior Serrato menor, posteroinferior
• serratus posterior superior Serrato menor, posterosuperior
• soleus Sóleo
• splenius capitis Esplenio de la cabeza
• splenius cervicis Esplenio del cuello
• sternocleidomastoid Esternocleidomastoideo
• sternohyoid Esternohioideo
• sternothyroid Esternotiroideo
• subclavius Subclavio
• subcostalis Subcostales
• subscapularis Subescapular
• supinator Supinador corto
• supraspinatus Supraespinoso

T
• temporalis Temporal
• temporoparietalis Temporoparietal
• tensor fasciae lata Tensor de la fascia lata
• teres major Redondo mayor
• teres minor Redondo menor
• tibialis anterior Tibial anterior
• tibialis posterior Tibial posterior
• transversospinalis -multifidus Multifidos
• transversospinalis -rotatores Rotadores
• transversospinalis -semispinalis Semiespinoso
• transversus abdominis Transverso del abdomen
• transversus thoracis Triangular del esternon
• trapezius Trapecio
• triceps Triceps

V
• vastus intermedius Vasto medio (crural)
• vastus lateralis Vasto lateral
• vastus medialis Vasto medial

Z
• zygomaticus major Cigomático mayor
• zygomaticus minor Cigomático menor